What type of negotiation focuses on claiming fixed resources?

Distributive negotiation is the correct answer because it primarily involves the distribution of fixed resources or a single issue, where one party’s gain is directly matched by another party’s loss. This type of negotiation is often characterized by a competitive approach, where each party seeks to maximize their own share of the resources at hand.

In distributive negotiation scenarios, the total "pie" of resources is seen as limited, leading to adversarial behavior as each party tries to secure the largest possible portion for themselves. Common examples include salary negotiations or one-time transactions where the terms are likely non-negotiable and each participant is focused on achieving the best outcome for their own side.

Collaborative negotiation, on the other hand, focuses on finding win-win solutions where both parties can benefit and typically involves building relationships and mutual agreements. Integrative negotiation expands the discussion to create additional value or options, while collective negotiation refers to negotiations carried out by a group representing a collective interest. These approaches differ fundamentally from the competitive and zero-sum nature of distributive negotiation, reinforcing why it is the most fitting choice for this question.