What type of communication involves the transmission of information from manager to subordinate?

Downward communication is characterized by the flow of information from a higher-level person, such as a manager, to their subordinates. This form of communication is essential in organizational settings as it encompasses directives, policies, and other important information that need to be conveyed clearly to team members or employees. The purpose of downward communication is to inform, instruct, and guide subordinates, ensuring that everyone is aligned with the organization's goals and objectives.

In contrast, upward communication occurs when information flows from subordinates back to management, lateral communication happens between peers at the same hierarchical level, and horizontal communication typically refers to communication among different departments or divisions within the same organization. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective management and communication strategies within an international business context.